Essay on Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73 -- Sonnet essays

Translation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73   Poem 73 is a contemplation on mortality, but then it tends to be deciphered in various manners. The principal such understanding is that the creator of the sonnet is addressing another person about his own demise that will definitely come later on. This understanding has the sonnet concentrated on the creator, and his concentration and worry over himself. This causes him to appear to be egotistical, on the grounds that we are for the most part going to bite the dust at some point or another, and it doesn't do any great to harp on or whine about it. The main utilize that this understanding truly has is to summon feel sorry for in the creator, or the speaker of the Sonnet.   That is the reason it was this understanding of Sonnet 73 that was utilized in a 1996 creation of Shakespeare's The Tempest by the Indiana Repertory Theater. The executive subbed five or six Sonnets for the pomp scene where Prospero brings island spirits to perform for Ferdinand and Miranda, the last Sonnet in this replacement being #73. Prospero has a plot against his life, and this Sonnet assists with helping him to remember this, and furthermore to remind his little girl Miranda that soon her dad will be no more. Prospero utilizes the last couplet of the Sonnet coordinated to Miranda as This thou perceivest, which makes thy love increasingly solid. This line could likewise be the creator talking as an outsider looking in, and he is alluding to himself as thou.   It is additionally deciphered as another two individuals bantering in these last lines by The Francis Bacon Society, they accept that Bacon was the person who composed this Sonnet. Here Bacon is pondering getting old and like a nightfall blurring ceaselessly and passing like evening fixing everything up. That the fire of his childhood resembles cinders on a fire terminating as on a passing be... ...g? Or for what reason doesn't the activity of leaving have as its subject the I, the writer, who in death would desert his inspector?. . .   On the off chance that we read the last line with a weight on thou, as indicated by the meter, at that point the syntax and the significance become predictable, and the perusing of the Sonnet demands the move in center from the speaker's life (and inevitable passing), to the recipient's unavoidable loss of youth.   These are two or three distinct ways that Sonnet 73 can be deciphered. It just demonstrates that there are never any clear answers about things that have a place with the classification of workmanship, and particularly everything concerning crafted by William Shakespeare. There will consistently be thoughts and hypotheses that will negate one another, and that is actually the main thing that can be excepted as a steady when managing in undertakings, for example, this one.  

Marketing Research Essay Example for Free

Promoting Research Essay 1. Clarify the distinction between testing for noteworthy contrasts and testing for affiliation. On the off chance that a relationship present between two factors, it is imperative to know thw course, the heading of a relationship can be either positive or negative. A comprehension of the quality of affiliation likewise is significant. Analysts by and large sort the stenght os relationship as no relationship, feeble relationship, moderate relationship, or solid relationship. In the event that a predictable and efficient relationship is absent, at that point there is no relationship. 2. Clarify the distinction among affiliation and causation. It depends on the off chance that we have a direct relationship, which implies the quality and nature of the connection between them continues as before over the scope of the two factors, and can be best depicted utilizing a straight line; or a curvilinear relationship, which implies the quality and additionally heading of the relationship changes over the scope of the two factors. 3. What is covariation? How can it contrast from connection? Covariation is the measure of progress in one variable that is reliably identified with the adjustment in another variable of intrigue. 4. What are the contrasts among univariate and bivariate measurable procedures? Univariate centers around one variable, and bivariate spotlights on 2 5. What is relapse examination? When might you use it? Factual method that breaks down the direct connection between two factors by assessing coefficients for a condition for a straight line. One variable is assigned as reliant variable and the other is called an autonomous or indicator variable. 6. What is the fundamental issue brought about by high multicollinearity among the free factors in a different relapse condition? A circumstance wherein a few free factors are exceptionally connected with one another. This trademark can bring about trouble in evaluating isolated or free relapse coefficients for the related factors.

What MIT Is Like for Non-Technology Majors

What MIT Is Like for Non-Technology Majors Since its founding in 1861, MIT has been a special place for Technology01 In fact, MIT in the early twentieth century was often referred to as simply Technology. to flourish. However, not everyone at MIT cares that much about Technology. Some people here are interested all kinds of different fields, from anime to manga. What is there to study here that isnt Technology? It turns out, due to a fatal loophole in the founding charter, that you can actually study anything here as long as it does not disrupt this Massachusetts Institutes acronymal third letter! At MIT, you get to choose your own T. Most students here follow the path of least resistance and attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the most normal and infamous school under the MIT umbrella. Thats fine and all. They get grant money and news coverage and accepted into top-ranked Ph.D. programs, but who needs that. The cooler, non-Technology students here get the freedom of learning about cutting-edge science from the leading educators in our chosen fields for the low, low price of the same amount that MITechnology students pay for their degrees. Some of these interesting educational paths include: The Massachusetts Institute of Tarantella: A lively course of study in performance. Vivace! The Massachusetts Institute of Tardigrades: Water bears. The Massachusetts Institute of Tautology: Currently, there are either no students studying this or at least one. The Massachusetts Institute of Tea: This one is split between people who study hot leaf water and people who study problematic behavior on Twitter. The Massachusetts Institute of Technicalities: Law school. The Massachusetts Institute of Teenagers: A new pilot program for teens who want to get into MIT right after middle school. The Massachusetts Institute of Telemarketing: Apply to be a Tech Caller! The Massachusetts Institute of Tex-Mex: Wayyy better than Annas. The Massachusetts Institute of Time: They maintain the Master Clock. The Massachusetts Institute of Tolkein: Study abroad in Middle-earth. The Massachusetts Institute of Tomorrow: They help come up with advertising campaigns for For-Profit Universities. The Massachusetts Institute of Tribology: I dont know much about this one, but I hear the capstone course 2.361 is famous for being an all-around good time. The Massachusetts Institute of Trichology: Free lint-rollers in their lounge. The Massachusetts Institute of Trolling: I might minor in this department, but Im not sure which of the classes I should take. The Massachusetts Institute of Tufts: Satellite campus. The Massachusetts Institute of Twiggy: Known for their instrumental role in popularizing the Mod look. The Massachusetts Intsitute of Typos: Copy-editing school. As someone who is not that interested in Technology at all, I found MITs sanctity of acronym principle to be relieving back when I had to declare a major. After exploring all of the departments, I was excited to become a part of the Massachusetts Institute of Taxidermys Class of 2020! So far I have not taxidermied anything big, since they save the harder subjects for the senior-year projects when we get to use real nude models. I have, however, practiced my taxidermy on several plants and small amphibians, like the ones below. I really like how much expression and liveliness I can impart in something that is dead. Really makes me feel all warm and fuzzy inside. Thanks MIT! Post Tagged #April Fools In fact, MIT in the early twentieth century was often referred to as simply 'Technology.' back to text ?

Equilibrium Constant - Chemistry Definitions

The equilibrium constant is the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations of the products raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients to the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.For a reversible reaction:aA bB → cC dDThe equilibrium constant, K, is equal to:K [C]c ·[D]d/[A]a ·[B]bwhere[A] equilibrium concentration of A[B] equilibrium concentration of B[C] equilibrium concentration of C[D] equilibrium concentration of D There are several different types of equilibrium constants. These including binding constants, association constants, dissocation constants, stability constants, and formation constants. Factors that may affect the equilibrium constant include temperature, ionic strength, and choice of solvent. Source Denbigh, K. (1981). Chapter 4. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium (4th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28150-8.

Animal Culture And Its Effects On Human Culture - 1777 Words

Animal culture is studied through comparative studies between populations and locations, field observations, and laboratory experiments. It is important to be critical in evaluating the results of these studies because behaviors in artificial situations or captivity will be different than in the wild. Animals are likely to act differently when they are not in their natural environment. Behaviors will vary and the long lasting effects of the behaviors may not be visible (Lalaland, 2003). Evidence of non-human culture has been found in animals such as songbirds, whales, dolphins, primates, and ants. Non-human behaviors are seen as encompassing culture if they â€Å"meet certain conditions: the behavior must be practiced by multiple members of†¦show more content†¦Another important aspect about the cultural evidence is it was first observed in 1952 and eight generations later, in 2008, was still being observed in the wild monkeys. The monkeys on this island ‘develop beh avioral differences as a result of social learning rather than genetic variation’ (Matsuzawa, 2008: R588). The next study regarding primates was seen in 2010 while observing wild chimpanzees in Uganda, with cultural differences between two populations in different areas. The chimpanzees displayed different ways of utilizing tools around them to retrieve honey within the fallen logs around them. The Kibale Forest chimps used sticks while the Budongo Forest chimps utilized leaves sponges that were made from chewed leaves. To study the differences, researchers provided the monkeys with a task to retrieve honey out of an apparatus. Each group resorted to behaviors that they had been familiar with in the beginning, those from Kibale using sticks and Budongo resorting to leave sponges (Cell Press, 2010). Klause Zuberhuler (Cell Press, 2010) from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland noted that the reason for the differences in tools ‘was that chimpanzees resorted to pre existing cultural knowledge in trying to solve the novel task’ and that ‘culture helped them in dealing with this novel problem.’ The behaviors were specific to each population that they developed through socialShow MoreRelatedHumans’ Moral Obligation to Preserve Endangered Species1508 Words   |  7 PagesHumans’ Moral Obligation to Preserve Endangered Species Many species that exists today are becoming endangered to extinction. In the past era where humans did not exist, extinction occurred due to natural causes. On this present time however, extinction of species are threatened by humans’ existence. Humans are the only moral agent; in which, it has the intellectual capacity that animals and plants do not have. Thus, humans are powerful and dominate over any species. Many practices that humansRead MoreEcological Anthropology And Cultural Ecologist799 Words   |  4 PagesEcological Anthropology is the study of how humans cope with problems in their environment such as survival, reproduction, development, longevity or spatial positions of people (Moran, 2008). Ecological Anthropologist and Cultural Ecologist do not ascribe to environmental determinism instead they view the relationship between humans and the environment as more possibilistic, explaining that the â€Å"process† may result in alternative behaviors (Reitz and Wing, 2008; 14). The Historical Ecological perspectiveRead MoreCosmetic History And Facts About The Cosmetic Industry1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe cosmetic industry has become such an integral part of the human culture that it often goes on without notice. 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Advancing Technology Free Essays

Maintaining the Role of Technology Technology has been and will forever be advancing. It plays an important role in everyone’s life, and can be found anywhere. Whether it’s a six year old child playing with an IPhone, or an 80 year old lady reading a book on her kindle. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancing Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is Just no hiding from it. But with the advancement of technology, is society advancing with it, or Just becoming robots? To succeed in not being taken over by technology people must be true to themselves, set limits, and detach from it. Now a days, almost everyone has some sort of social media network. It could be a Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. That is what makes the internet such a dangerous place. While on the computer anyone could put anything as themself. They could make fake profiles or give false information about themselves, and the only person who would know is them. Someone could be talking to who they believe is a cute 20 year old girl, who they want to meet up with and date, but in reality it could be a 30 year old trucker playing a Joke. It is easy for people to hide behind a computer screen and that is why they do it so often. A prime example of this can be found from the T. V show â€Å"Catfish. What happens in the show is, two people end up talking to each other nline; they start talking for a while, and then they fall in love without ever seeing each other. Then the hosts of the show go to one of the people and help them meet the â€Å"love of their life. † But out of the 24 aired episodes, only two people have actually been who they really said they w ere. But there are many more people who aren’t being who they really say they are. So while using technology people should be who they really are, and Just because they can hide behind a computer screen, they should still be true to themselves. Hiding from technology is not an easy task. Some people actually need technology or important things, so they can’t Just throw it away. So instead of shutting out technology completely, people should Just set limits for themselves. The limit is up to them; either hardly using technology and Just going outside and enjoying the great outdoors, or cutting back to a certain amount of hours they use it. When setting these limits, take into account the time that you really need it. For instance, for work, checking important e-mails, or even school. People should cut back and use it when they actually need to, instead of using it all of the time when they have nothing better to do. Using technology for entertainment is alright, Just try to cut back and set limits so that it isn’t over used. Just because someone doesn’t check their Facebook every minute, or stare at their phone while their Twitter news feed goes crazy doesn’t leave you out of the loop. And that is the key to not being taken over. A big problem that people get is that they feel that they must constantly check their things so they don’t miss something important. The problem is that they are missing out on what is happening right now and not focusing on the current. They could be driving and get an urge that they’ll miss a party invite, so they must check. Or if they are at a family get together and they are bored, they will Just go on Facebook and think that, that is a better way to spend their time, but they actually shouldn’t be using their phone, and instead making the best of should detach from technology and the virtual world. No matter the age, no matter the gender, everyone uses technology. It helps people get through their everyday lives. It could be used for business or Just entertainment, but no matter what the reason is people should always look out to not be used by technology. To do so they should remember to be true to themselves, set limits, and to detach from technology. How to cite Advancing Technology, Papers

Marketing Strategy and Concepts Applied to Waitrose Sample Solution

Questions: 1. Methods for maintaining and developing brand image for new products, marketing principles? 2. Value change concept for product promotion? 3. Marketing research for launch of new product? 4. Plan for diversify the product range? Answers: Introduction New product launch and the strategies followed for implementing essential changes has to be planned by the management. Launching new products in the market is an expensive task, and thus marketing research needs to be done in the right manner. The process followed for increasing the sales has to be analysed and related to the objectives of the company. Strategic change sand implementation of the corrective steps has to be evaluated before introducing the plan for new product launch. Expectations and preferences of the clients have to be evaluated as this helps in introducing the changes that will benefit the company (Gil et al., 2007). 1. Methods for maintaining and developing brand image for new products, marketing principles Waitrose is a recipe Indian meals service provider that supplies readymade meals to the clients. The company proposed to collaborate with Noon Products and both would together sell readymade food products to the customers. Waitrose was aware about the increasing demand for readymade food, which is meant to save time and efforts for the clients. Quality was one of the prime requirements that were carefully handled by the company for improving the brand image. The motive of the company was to sell top quality food products to the clients at acceptable price rage. Customers preferences were handled by introducing the concept of fit for purpose food products. Both the companies worked towards improving the quality standards for the food products, which was essential for creating brand image (Hawabhay et al., 2009). New products Partnered companies had proposed to launch new products with improved qualities for the clients. Noon products had submitted a range of different products that would attract Waitrose buyers. Quality and services were analysed by the company, as this was meant to attract the potential buyers. The products were refined, until the buyers were completely satisfied with the quality and taste of the products (Jones, 2010). Brand image management requires coordination of the communication process directly with sales inducing methods. Brand concept management requires planning, control, and implementation of the products after analysing the life of the brand. Successful branding process adds value to the reputation and sales value for the company. Both the companies are aware of the uniqueness of the brand value and image for the products sold to the clients (Gatignon Xuereb, 2007). The name and symbol of the products identify the quality of the services offered to the clients. These acts as a distinguishing characteristic that helps in create positive aspect about the products in the minds of the customers. Strong brand and its maintenance process helps in retaining the customers and improving sales (Frei Shaver, 2002). Brand identity is useful in marketing the services and products sold by the company to the clients. Promotional expenses for attracting the clients are usually high and in some cases unaffordable. Through brand management system, the expenses can be controlled by the management. Branding helps the company to capture a share in the market, which helps the buyers to differentiate the quality and product from the competitors. The objective of the company to increase the brand image is to improve the willingness of the customers to buy the products along with the premium amount (Hendrick Hendrick, 2006). Vision and image approach Brand positioning is associated with the strategic objectives created by the top management of the company. The management of Noon Products and Waitrose intends to launch new product range that would handle the requirements of the clients (Goodwin et al., 2002). The vision, culture and image about the company and the brand name have to be highlighted in this process. 1. Vision - The vision of the company is to launch wide range of products that would cater the requirements of the clients. Quality, price, and services are some of the basic factors that are concentrated by the management. Improved quality for the products and features would provide improved benefits to the company and the clients (Broyles et al., 2009). 2. Culture The culture of the company is to research of different types of products which can be sold to the clients. Product quality and tastes are redefined as per the requirements of the customers (Christensen Askegaard, 2001). 3. Image The image is attempted to be created positively by increasing the range and taste for the products sold to the clients. After analysing the preferences of the customers, the company has proposed to introduce different products that will increase the sales and goodwill for the management (Carroll Ahuvia, 2006). The above mentioned three factors have to be planned and aligned in an effective manner. This helps in maintaining the brand image, and promoting the services to the clients. Strategic value for the company can be increased by adopting the process of improved core values (Chung Tsai, 2007). Different factors that affects the decision making process for the products and services are analysed in this process. Quality of internal and external communication process within the company is developed. Factors considered while analysing the challenges involved with the process are Analysing the need to develop and implement new range of products (Davies Chun, 2002). Quality check and analysis method that would be followed for introducing new products for the clients Adopting an effective strategy that will help in approaching clients and improving the sales (Esch et al., 2006). Marketing principles Through marketing principles, the management of the company can work towards developing and implementing effective strategies for brand maintenance. Strategy includes building marketing activities, which analyse the requirements of the clients and handling the requirements in the right manner. The company proposed to launch new products and services that would be useful in increasing sales (Davies et al., 2010). Product differentiation was the quality, price, and the availability of wide range of products for the buyers. The market targeted by the company was to promote English and India readymade foods to the customers (Eisenhardt and Tabrizi, 2007). Integrated common approach An integrated-common approach can be created by the marketing team for building and brand management system. The tasks expected to be performed by the members has to be associated with the corporate goals of the company. Necessary product related information is shared with the members and stakeholders who are an integral part of the core value analysis system. The proposed values like promoting the services, analysing the price, approaching clients and others has to be frequently controlled, maintained, and monitored (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 2007). New product development The best method for improving the brand image for the company is by developing new products for the clients. Different stages and activities involved in the new product development are evaluated, to find the challenges involved with the process. The overlapping nature for the activities involved in the marketing and branding process are analysed. The network interactions and external factors involved with the process are evaluated by the management (Einwiller Will, 2002). Quality for the products and services are improved by producing the goods from reliable suppliers. The proposed recipe is redefined until majority of the clients are satisfied with the quality of the services. Brand development process needs to be implemented in a structured manner, as the management can easily overpower the challenges involved with the process (Clark Wheelwright, 2005). Assessment of brand strategy Analysing the relevance of brand strategy enables the management to approach clients and increase sales. Brand awareness is associated with the process followed for analysing the preferences and views about the customers for the products and services. Through demographic analysis the management can analyse the knowledge about the products gathered by the clients (Ahuvia, 2005). The regions selected by the company for promoting English meals in the country are Goa, Hyderabad, Punjab, and Madras. Brand equity is another method for evaluating and marinating the value of brand. Product awareness is created by adopting different forms of promotional activities like SEO, online promotions, and others. These steps are followed for increasing the knowledge about the products with the clients. Differentiating features about the products and services are created and implemented by the management for approaching and convincing the customers about the products and services sold to the clients (Brakus et al., 2009). By increasing the quality of the products and services, the company proposes to increase positive relationship with the customers. This is associated with building trust in the minds of the customers for the brand and the products sold by the company (Babin et al., 2003). The targeted market for launching the products is Goa, Hyderabad, Punjab, and Madras. 2. Value change concept for product promotion Brand positioning enables the management of the company to retain larger share of market in the industry. Waitrose specialises in the manufacture and sales of quality and reasonably priced eatable products to the clients. Through brand positioning, the management attempts to create brand awareness for the products that is sold to the clients. Brand positioning is possible by analysing the expectations of the clients and handling the preferences in the right manner. Factors impacting the competition level for the products in the market, along with the challenges enable the management to develop an effective strategy for increasing sales for the products and services (Albert et al., 2008). Competitive level can be analysed and different factors that could attract the clients towards the products and services sold to the clients are evaluated. Such factors help the management to gain competitive advantage, which is one of the core requirements for the successful business conduct. Waitrose has proposed to introduce recipe Indian means that would be available for the customers. Through the Porters five force analysis, the management intends to analyse the challenges that exists in the product development and maintaining brand image for the clients and the company. The tool helps in developing and implementing the competitive power that could positively influence the business performance (Bansal et al., 2004). Five important factors that are analysed for developing plans for product improvement are mentioned below Supplier power Noon products and Waitrose together has proposed to launch new product range for the clients. Waitrose basically concentrate on the product development and analyse quality for the services that is rendered to the customers. Noon and Waitrose has a list of suppliers who can supply the required raw materials and products to the clients in the country. The selection criteria followed by the management to streamline the suppliers are the price, quality, and time for the product deliverance. Noon products ensure to analyse the ingredients used for the manufacture of the products and services. Ingredients are procured from the suppliers in the right process, price, and time (Chen et al., 2008). Product specification and quality check helps the management to analyse the quality requirements for the company. Suppliers for the company are driven up by various forces like the price and quality. Through the technical supplier code, the company develop uniqueness for the products and services procured from the clients. Suppliers are listed down on the basis of the quality for the services rendered to the company. This acts as the controlling process for the companies (Langerak et al., 2004). Buyer power Buyer power is one of the strongest points that help the company to design and implement new process and methods for increasing sales. New products along with the regulations have been introduced by the company. Price regulation along with the quality check is some of the features through which the client would be attracted towards the products sold by the company. Noor products have provided a wide of the products that is expected to attract the clients. Quality check process helps in evaluating the preferences of the clients. Product launch and development is meant to analyse the preferences of the groups of customers (Kim et al., 2003). In order to improve the quality of food materials sold to the clients, the key areas that needs to be worked upon by the company is highlighted. The products sold to the customers undergo through raw material tests, recipe formulation, and samples for preparing the recipe. Strategic changes for developing the quality of the products include refining the quality of the recipes until the buyers are satisfied with the quality, value, and price of the products (Kowalczyk Pawlish, 2002). Competitive rivalry An increase in the sales is possible by analysing the rival offers for the products and services offered by the company. Customer service quality for the products is improved by improving the quality of the services and packaging of the materials that is being offered to the clients. The designs are selected for retaining the quality and attracting the customers attention towards the products and services (Koak et al., 2007). Competitive rivalry is improved by providing more information about the products that is being sold to the clients. In this process, the details about the products are provided to the clients who encourage the members to buy the products sold by the company. Majority of the information about the products are provided to the clients in an organized manner. The supplier specification is included while sharing the details about the products with the client. Preferences of the customers in terms of products and services are analysed as it helps in increasing the sales (Pappu Quester, 2006). Threat of substitute The demand for Indian recipe food products is quite high. Customers dont have to spend time in cooking the food of their choice. This has encouraged the management to adopt and implement an effective method that would attract the clients and increase sales for the products and service. Food products are basically designed and cooked as per the preferences of the customers. Preferences of the customers are analysed based on the food eating habit. This has helped the management to develop new products that would cater the needs of the clients (Morsing, 2006). Changes in the product viability has been introduced by the management range of products has been designed to overcome the threat associated with substitution of products intended to be sold to the clients. Taste, price and variety of the products are some of the features that are assumed to attract the clients. The company concentrate on such factors as this will help in approaching the buyers and retaining the clients (Phau Lo, 2004). Threat of new entry The competition level in the food industry has tremendously increased. This has increased the threat of new entry for the company. The management of the company concentrate on analysing the ability of the people Threat of new entry into the industry is minimised by the company by introducing new products that would excite the clients. The threat of new product is designed and implemented by developing and implementing product concept system (Moore Reid, 2008). Products are developed and sold to the clients after evaluating the development brief. Improved technology is adopted and implemented by the management to attract the clients. Barriers to the entries in terms of customer preferences are analysed to overcome the challenges that impacts the sales. Safety measures and quality standards are followed by the management to improve the value of the products that are sold to the clients. Product distribution method enables the management to introduce newer methods for manufacturing and selling the products to the clients (Podsakoff et al., 2008). 3. Marketing research for launch of new product New product development plan is essential for the progress of the company. Companies research to introduce new products to retain the customers and improve the sales for the products. Through research and developmental process, the management design strategies for improving the existing products or lunching new products for the clients. Clients prefer newness in the products, which is one of the positive aspects for increasing sales for the company. It is essential to design and implement improved marketing strategies that would help in achieving the desired target. With the help of target market, it is possible for the company to target marketing efforts and sales for the products (Nysveen et al., 2005). Process for new product development is expensive, and it is a time consuming process. Through this process, the management aims to develop and overpower the compete edge that exists in the industry. The research task for marketing for new products includes exploring new marketing opportunities that is necessary for the growth of the company. Customer demand can be easily handled by the company but implementing changes with the range of products that is sold to the customers. The process includes analysing challenges associated with market development, positing of the products in the market, analysing the supply development, and product launch. These are considered to be some of the important and essential business growth objectives (Singh, 2008). As per Ramaseshan, et al., 2002, the marketing research for product development evaluates the supportiveness for the organizational changes that can be used for determining the plan for market orientation. The variance factors like competition, price, and customer expectations are analysed to evaluate the challenges involved with the process of product development. Cultural context for the test for the requirements of the new product is made to analyse the expectations and preferences of the customers. This helps in increasing the performance of the new product that is being proposed to be offered to the clients by the company (Schultz de Chernatony, 2002). Marketing strategy for communicating about the new products and services are some of the important tools that help in determining the success of the product. It is necessary to adopt and implement effective strategy that enables in improving the promotional activities for the company. Marketing strategies are quite critical for implementing changes in the product launch for the customers. Through marketing policy and principles it is possible by the management to implement changes that would attract the customers for buying the new products sold by the company (Taylor et al., 2004). The performance of the new products has to be analysed and implemented in the right manner. Marketing analysis helps the company to determine the requirements of the clients, which is one of the most important factors that is required for increasing the sales for the products and services offered by the company to the clients. Through market research it is possible for the companies to collect information about the clients expectations and preferences. Such details enable the management to upgrade the product value and increase the performance for the products and services. Market information is collected from different reliable sources. The information basically concentrates on developing new and improved strategies that will help in increasing the client database essential for improving the business performance (Stuart, 2002). While drafting policies for increasing the customer value, the internal environment and external environment is analysed. This helps in implementing the development plan that is necessary for achieving the business goals. Changing market trends has to be checked as it helps in analysing the challenges involved with the process associated with the product growth and development. Noor products and Waitrose analysed the expectations of customers for quick food, which required less time to cook or eat. This was one of the reasons the management proposed to introduce new products through which the sales for the products and services can be improved. Essential market information includes analysing the changing needs and preferences of the customers, availability of different types of products in the market, and preferential changes of the buyers. Research activities analyse the changes in the market, which is important for developing new products and selling the same to the clients (Thomso n et al., 2005). Market research for demand of new products Product research is an important factor that helps in the development of new products for the clients. The stages involved in the process have to be analysed to evaluate the challenges involved with the process. Through his method, the key issues associated with the products can be identified and corrective steps can be introduced by the management. Initial research for the product helps in evaluating the concept associate with the development of new products. Noor Products and Waitrose proposed to introduce wide range of new products to the clients expecting quality food products. The preferences of the customers are analysed by evaluating the products available in the market. Developed concept for the product development is analysed to evaluate the steps expected to be followed for analysing the expenses expected to be incurred for developing the product. The process enables the management to design newer methods through which the changes can be implemented by the company for impro ving the product value (Zacchilli et al., 2009). The key factors associated with the customer preferences like the price and quality of the products are analysed in this process. Through such factors, the company develop and implemented effective marketing strategies that will help in reaching out to the clients. Analysis is done to find the features of the products, price variances, and willingness of the customers to pay price for the products and services. Essential information is collected by the researcher through surveys and contacting the customers. Collected information enables the management to design new method for increasing customer satisfaction level. Collected information about the products and services helps the company to develop and implement new ideas for promoting the services to the clients. Analysing customer based challenges Challenges associated with consumer expectations and preferences have to be analysed. This process enables the management to analyse the fundamental advantages associated with the process. The quality, performance enhancement methods, and the price are some of the features that are associated with the product improvement strategies. Customer value services provided but the company with added benefits. More benefits improve the decision making for the company, which is one of the core requirements for approaching the clients. Noor Products and Waitrose provide wide range of product options to the clients. While doing so, the management ensure to share appropriate information about the services with the clients. Details about the product quality, services, and prices are readily shared with the buyers (Whang et al., 2004). Benefits of the products are communicated through marketing process. This is one of the important factors that enable the management to introduce better methods that will help in increasing sales for the products. Marketing strategies helps the management to improve the product value, which is required for increasing sales. The company has adopted and implemented an effective product packing process, which provides maximum information about the ingredients on the package. This helps the customers in selecting the best product that would take care of their requirements. The product appearances have been improved as this helps in attracting the clients. Appearance attributes of the product has been take care of by the company. For this, the details about the products and services along with other necessary information have been shared with the clients. Designers perception about the appearance of the product, and the benefits associated with the same has been included in this process. Attempt has been made to increase the product value, which will highlight the service features to the clients (Wren et al., 2000). The packaging process and the method expected to be followed by the company is evaluated by Waitrose and suppliers. This is done for increasing the accuracy of the services and the product services intend to be provided to the clients. Designs are exclusively selected by the management as this would help in improving the visibility of the products and services to the clients. In order to cope with the challenges existing with the product launch, the management of the company distribute the samples to the clients. This is done to get an approval about the quality and price which is necessary for improving the visibility of the products for the clients. Such factors help in increasing the visibility of the products and services for the buyers. The prime motive to adopt and implement an effective packaging material is to communicate with the potential buyers about the product features. The steps enable the management to improve the campaign process and hep in adopting and introducing better methods for increasing sales (Urde, 2003). Target market Through target market, the company can analyse the expectations of the clients, and new methods for improving the visibility of the products and services offered to the customers. The process includes analysing the below mentioned factors 1. Buying ability of the buyers Through this process, the expectations of the customers along with the willingness to pa price for the products are analysed. This helps in developing and implementing the necessary changes that would attract the clients towards the products sold by the company. 2. Education - Knowledge about the clients to invest in the purchase of ready meals are analysed. This would help in developing and introducing changes that are necessary for improving the sales and marketing strategies adopted by the company. Educated customers prefer to collect maximum information about the products and services, which is required for improving the visibility of the products (Wanjohi, 2009). 3. Gender - The product sold by the company will be useful for male and female customers. Food recipe are easy to cook and taste good. 4. Age The food products are tested and approved by the health authorities. This is one of the reasons; the product is suitable for clients of different age groups. 5. Geographical location The plan to sell the product and services to clients located in different locations. This is expected to increase the sales and visibility of the products for the clients. 4. Plan for diversify the product range The management had proposed to launch new products that would take care of the clients requirements in four different states in India. Customer expectations were analysed, as this helped the management in selecting the better option that would help in developing and introducing new products that could cater the requirements of the customers. Product diversification is a challenging task, which can be implemented through proper planning process. Product development process incudes analysing the issues existing with the product launch process. The best strategies are analysed for approaching the clients and convincing for the sales for the new products. Strategies developed and implemented by the company enables the management to analyse the existing products and design for new products that will take care of the clients requirements. Such strategies are required for introducing changes that are necessary for increasing sales for the products in different markets. Through target marketing, the management analysed the expectations of the clients. This helped in developing and introducing changes that is essential for product development. The present objective of the company is to adopt strategies for product diversification. This is required for adopting defensive approach, which highlights the objective of the company to increase sales for the products and services. Competition in the food industry is constantly increasing, and this has encouraged the management to implement improved strategies that will help in offering the best services to the clients. New products are developed to increase profit and goodwill for the company. The management has opposed to adopt offensive method, wherein the market opportunity for the new products can be analysed. At present, the company has concentrated to approach clients from 4 different states of India which are Punjab, Madras, Hyderabad, and Goa. Customer preferences vary from each other. Strategy to adopt diversified method for attracting clients from different markets is possible by implementing changes in the product that is intended to be launched in other states (Ramaseshan et al., 2002). Approach for reaching clients The approach selected by the company to highlight the service features to the clients is an important task. Existing products and its quality can be improved or enhanced. This includes changing the recipe as per the requirements of the customers from different states and providing more options to the potential buyers. Improved appeals for new version of products can be designed and implemented by the company to approach the clients. Awareness about the product and service details can be increased by sharing maximum information with the buyers. The process includes analysing the importance of developing new products and communicating the same with the clients. This will help in approaching new clients and convincing about the product quality. Sources The process of product diversification is essential and thus needs to be effectively planned. While implementing the changes the management has to analyse the expenses and time required for introducing the required changes. The product development has to be done internally, as this enables the management to analyse different options that would be available for implementing changes with the product sale. The process to distribute the products and services and effective methods adopted for communicating with the clients are some of the other factors that are considered in this process (Singh, 2008). In order to develop and implement new products for the clients, the management has to be analysing the expected strategy for marketing the products. Budget and the process expected to be followed for promoting the services are some of the important factors that helps in designing an effective method through which the product diversification plan can be undertaken by the management. New suppliers and distribution channel has to be identified by the management. This will help in developing and implementing the changes that are required for increasing the product value and costs. The process expected to be followed for increasing the production activities has to be planned and introduced by the management. This helps in selecting the best distribution challenge and network that would hep the management to increase the sales process. Risks analysis The risks involved with the process of product diversification have to be analysed. This helps the management in focusing on different factors that would help in increasing sales for the company. The challenges involved with the market growth and the methods that would be followed for overpowering the issues can be analysed. This will help in increasing the business performance for the company. Plan The plan for the business development and diversifying the products includes the below mentioned steps 1. Analysing the places where the product is intended to be launched 2. Developing new methods for promoting the service 3. Developing risk management plan, through which the products can be sold to the clients form different market 4. Analyse the level of competition existing in the industry (Stuart, 2002). 5. Communicate with the buyers about the features and services that is being rendered to the clients through the launch of new products and services Conclusion The marketing strategies and policies adopted by the company enables the management to increase the sales for the new products that is launched for the clients. It is necessary to plan the implementation plan, as this will help in analysing the changes required for attracting the clients. Changes within the organization have to be planned and introduced in the right manner. This will help in increasing the sale for the products and services offered by the customers. Preferences and expectations of the clients have to be analysed while designing ad introducing improved methods for increasing sales for the products. References Ahuvia, A. C. (2005). Beyond the extended self: Loved objects and consumers identity narratives. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 171-184 Albert, N., Merunka, D., Valette-Florence, P. (2008). 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Meaning in Short Stories free essay sample

A discussion of several short stories to demonstrate how the authors developed meaning through the development of character, theme, plot and setting. Five short stories are discussed: The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, AP by John Updike, I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen, Barn Burning by William Faulkner, and The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence. Each story is used to demonstrate the use of either character, theme, plot or setting in the development of meaning. PLOT THE STORY OF AN HOUR The plot in this story revolves around the death of the husband, which of course makes the story possible, but at the heart of it is the woman and her feeling of freedom that she feels when she finds out her husband is dead. She feels free, and even in this very short story, Chopin makes us understand why with a few simple lines, And yet she had loved himsometimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning in Short Stories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Often she had not. That is really the plot briefly the woman wanted more. We learn the two characters names in the story, but they, and the other minor characters do not matter, this is truly a short story with one theme, freedom, and is totally plot driven.

Folklore The Fallen Angel Cake

Folklore The Fallen Angel Cake The Fallen angel cake is an urban legend, which was published in a Sydney newspaper during the year 1980. In the year 1982, the story was published in a Canadian newspaper. The legend described a woman who baked a cake, which was to be sold in her local church.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Folklore: â€Å"The Fallen Angel Cake† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the baking process, the cake accidentally broke into two pieces. With limited time to bake the second cake, the woman moulded a roll of tissue paper, which she used to stick together the broken cake. Afterwards, she rushed to her local church to sell the cake. With the aim of selling and buying back the cake, the woman gave her daughter money, and instructed her to buy back the cake. Unfortunately, the cake was sold to another buyer in the absence of her daughter. The following day, at a club, the woman identified the buyer of her cake preparin g to serve it. Before the woman could notify the buyer about the blemish in the cake, the buyer acknowledged before a crowd that she had baked the beautiful cake. As a result, the woman withheld her notification. One of the themes portrayed in the legend is about making swift choices. Throughout the legend, the woman was forced by the situations to make swift decisions. For instance, the woman made a dramatic choice, when she realized that her cake had been broken in the oven, by joining the broken cake using tissue paper moulds. Similarly, when the woman hurried to the church and instructed her daughter to buy back the cake, she illustrated the theme of making swift choices. In addition, this theme was emphasised through the woman’s willingness to inform the host on the cake’s faults before it was served. Another theme embodied in the legend is the theme of pride. Out of her pride, the buyer lied before a crowd that she had prepared the beautiful cake. As a result, he r pride prevented the woman from informing her about the faults in the cake. As such, the legend tackled some of the key issues addressed in class such as themes embodied in the legends, and their roles in enforcing social norms. Through this legend, the students should be able to identify the main themes in the book, and in turn learn from them.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like the other legends, the fallen angel cake legend is considered fictional. Though the original society of this legend can be traced, its creator cannot be identified. Likewise, the other legends illustrated in the book have no clear authors and creators. Similar to other legends illustrated in the book, the legend is interesting and easy to narrate. For instance, each of these legends is less than 600 words long. This implies that these urban legends are not only easy to read and compre hend, but also interesting to their readers. In the same way as other legends, the legend contains humour and sarcasms enhancing its readability among its readers. Equally, these legends were meant to educate their readers on various social issues and in turn reinforce social reforms. However, unlike most other legends contained in the book, the fallen angel cake legend’s plot based its foundation on a true story. The publishers of this legend have asserted that the legend was very popular among its creator’s society.

African mask cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

African mask cultures - Research Paper Example In Africa masks can be traced back to well past Paleolithic times. These art objects were, and are still made of various materials, included are leather, metal, fabric and various types of wood. African masks are considered amongst the finest creations in the art world and are highly sought after by art collectors. d) Ancestry has more influence in African culture than in any other culture. They honor their ancestors in all possible means because of their belief that ancestors can do many things in their life. Masks are recognized as the symbol of communication between an ancestor spirit and a human. Masks are also associated with celebrations, crop harvesting traditions, war preparations, peace and trouble times, rituals and customs of many of the African cultures. Because of the differences in belief, the meaning of mask wearing is different among different cultures in Africa. Ritual dances are common among many of the African cultures, and masks are important in all such ritual da nces. Each mask represents a particular spirit. It is believed by the African people that a person wearing a particular mask loses his identity temporarily and becomes the spirit represented by the mask itself. Even though mask wearing is mainly seen in African countries, the influence of African mask wearing custom has been spread to some other regions as well. Cubism, fauvism, and expressionism are some of the artistic movements which used the themes of African mask culture effectively. Moreover, in American and European art cultures also, the influence of African mask culture is visible. This paper briefly analyses the African mask cultures. (Pictures / photos / images of some MASKS and headdresses, 2010) â€Å"Ritual ceremonies generally depict deities, spirits of ancestors, mythological beings, good and or evil, the dead, animal spirits, and other beings believed to have power over humanity†(African Masks History and Meaning, n. d). Perhaps, Africa is the worst affected region in this world as far as beliefs in superstitions are concerned. Even after huge advancements in science and technologies, many of the Africans have still many superstitions. They do believe that the spirit of their ancestors or and even the spirit of the animals can influence their life very much. They are of the view that their life is shaped by these spirits and it is their duty to respect, recognize and worship these spirits to lead their lives in prosperity. Masks of ancestors are often considered as the most valuable thing in a family and they keep it as a monument. During the mask ceremony the dancer goes into deep trance, and during this state of mind he "communicate" with his ancestors. A wise man or translator sometimes accompanies the wearer of the mask during the ritual. The dancer brings forth messages of wisdom from his ancestors. Often the messages are grunted utterances and the translator will accurately decipher the meaning of the message. Rituals and ceremoni es are always accompanied with song, dance and music, played with traditional African musical instruments (African Masks History and Meaning, n. d). Ritual dances performed with the help of masks are often believed as the occasion to communicate with the ancestors. The dancer who wears the mask of a particular ancestor claims that he is able to communicate with the spirit represented by the mask. He may speak lot of things at the time of dance which may be perceived as the messages of that particular spirit to African community. The dancer mostly speaks in different languages which may not be understandable to

The benefits and drawbacks of digitalisation in educational sector Essay

The benefits and drawbacks of digitalisation in educational sector - Essay Example Some of these changes are positive whereas others are negative. This paper analyses the literature available through secondary research to know more about the benefits and drawbacks of information communication technology or digitalization in educational sector. Benefits of Digitalisation in Educational Sector Computer based technologies are normally used at the current educational sector which help the students and teachers to communicate and share information digitally. Word processing software like Microsoft Word and spread sheets like Microsoft Excel helps students immensely in creating instant documents and solving problems. Spelling checkers, dictionaries and readymade computer programs are available nowadays for corrections and calculations. Presentation software like Microsoft PowerPoint helps both teachers and students to express their views in a clear manner so that the mutual communication between the teacher and the students could be improved. Databases like Oracle, MS Ac cess etc help teachers to maintain digital records of students in a structured manner. In short, most of the curriculum functions are heavily dependent on the information communication technology at present. Internal and external networks like Local Area network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) are used specifically by schools and colleges to communicate each other. Interactive digital television (iDTV), as a relatively easy way to use technology, brings many challenges and opportunities into the field of education, i.e. formation and utilization of learning via TV, called t-learning. T-learning has many characteristics (i.e. technological or pedagogical aspects) that differentiate this type of education from other well elaborated... There are many drawbacks also associated with the digitalization of educational sector. Digitalization is an expensive act for educational sector. This paper outlines the problem of global digitalisation. This research is necessary to know more about the merits and demerits of digitalization in educational sector.The digital technology incorporated in educational sector should be user friendly. Otherwise teachers and students may stay away from it. Younger generation adapts more easily with the digitalization process in educational sector than the older generation. The world is getting digitalized more and more as time goes on. The introductions of computers, televisions, mobile phones and internet have created a digital culture which affects every segment of human life at present. The difference in culture between the current world and the world couple of decades before can be identified easily. It should be noted that the communication technologies a couple decades before was depen dent on analogue technology whereas it is heavily dependent on digital technologies at present.Creation of media rich environment in schools and homes is another advantage of digitalization of educational sector. Media plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of education. Students get substantial knowledge from media while they watch educational programs. Internet, email, televisions, tablets and mobile phones help students immensely in acquiring proper knowledge in their educational topics.

Does Liberalism Promote Or Undermine Democracy Politics Essay

Does Liberalism Promote Or Undermine Democracy Politics Essay In a world of ideologies, liberalism and democracy have long coexisted. Liberalism in essence advocates for liberty and equal rights and the importance of the role they play in the development of individuals (liberalism. 1/1). Democracy takes a step further and most types of democracies aim to bring this into execution by the subsequent granting of these rights and liberties i.e. providing a platform for the individuals to grow via equal participation in the realm of economic, social and political affairs, and thus enabling them to decide their own destiny (What Is a Liberal Democracy? 1/1). At times, the two have managed to complement and supplement each other when either the liberals in their attempt to liberate themselves de-democratized or the democrats in their attempt to democratize de-liberated. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role, if any; liberalism plays in the democratization of systems that govern the modern political ideologies. The correlation between libera lism and democracy has been one where liberalism has both strengthened and destabilized democracy at different times, in different ways. It is not merely the explicit merger or clash of the two ideologies that provides the basis for liberalism to promote or undermine democracy, as the case may be. The problem is one of a more complex nature, which upon closer look, can be rooted to several democratizing and de-democratization practices of the liberal democrats in their attempt to liberate themselves. The subsequent advent of Neoliberalism did not help much and by aiming to promote a market driven approach to politics and economics by maximizing the role of the private sector in determining the political and economic policies of the state (McChesney 1/1). The liberal ideology that voices for liberty and equal rights help in the running of democracies where people are granted these rights and liberties and are subsequently entitled to freedom of speech, equal right to vote and tolerance towards religions. Liberalism emphasizes on individual freedom and the protection of that freedom (Liberal Ideas 1/1). The origin of democracy can be traced back in history to the liberal ideology of capitalism which won against fascism and led to the democratization of the state, as advocated by John Locke (Uzgalis 1/1). It was the principle that not only liberated people but granted them fundamental rights laying the basis for democratization (Uzgalis 1/1). It was the individual economic power of the business class that allowed them to liberate themselves from the tyranny of dictators after they had started to get irritated by the thought of having to follow someone according to Charles Tilly, besides having the means to rule themselves and subsequently led to a more representative form of government (Tilly 1/1). The liberal idea of individual freedom and social equality as put forward by John Stuart Mill, laid the basis for granting of civil rights to people, subsequently leading to the democratization of the state where the role of civil society is considered to be one of great significance (Wils on 1/1). A major characteristic of liberal democracies is the existence of pluralism i.e. the coexistence of different political parties that allow people with opposing views to join together and be able to pursue their own agendas (liberal democracy 1/1). While free media, another brainchild of liberalism, enables people to voice their opinions, debate, analyze and critique the performance of the state thereby ensuring transparency thus strengthening democracy as the rule of the majority (Charlton 1/1). Another feature of liberal ideology i.e. capitalism argues for markets to operate freely (Capitalism and democracy take two 1/1). This provides people with increased choice and opportunity to grow and consequently protect individual wellbeing. Governments, in order to gain popular support, aim to benefit the majority and thus regulate this idea of capitalism to an extent only to make sure that the freedom to earn and grow is not concentrated and rather benefits the community at large (Capital ism and democracy take two 1/1). Liberalism has also been one of the major reasons for the demise of the democratic order in states over the years. Although liberalism provides the basis following which most democracies aim to flourish, the same at times has been guilty of promoting anti-democratic practices such as use of influence by elite to stay in power, more commonly known as Marxs idea of dictatorship of the bourgeoisie (MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of Terms. 1/1), use of media to propagate against opposition (Charlton 1/1) and bureaucracys promotion of self-interest (Clarke, and Foweraker). It has been debated that media while playing a significant role in the strengthening of democracy can also be used to derail the democratic order (Charlton 1/1). The theory put forward is that liberalism promotes the role of media and considering the magnitude of importance attached, concentration of media i.e. ownership and control by a specific group or class (elite) can lead to its abuse (Charlton 1/1). These undesirable practices only contribute towards weakening of democracies. The existence of many political parties and the right to decide whether to vote or not granted to people by liberalism at times leads to the problems of promotion of self interests and not everyone voting; subsequently undermining the legitimacy of the electoral process as the choice of the majority (Compulsory Voting. 1/1). One such example is of Pakistan where the voter turnout was merely 44.91 percent in the 2008 elections (Pakistan voter turnout put at 44.9 percent 1/1). Moreover, many socialists argue that as liberalism promotes capitalism, the resulting democracy is not one of equality but rather one biased towards the influential elite (MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of Terms. 1/1). They further argue that policies aimed at helping the elite for personal interests lead to increased disparity between rich and poor and thus are considered anti-democratic (MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of Terms. 1/1). Bureaucracy also occupies great importance in the political and economic affairs of democratic states. Arguably, these bureaucrats in their desire to obtain individual benefits toy with laws to not only mend them in their favor but also ensure that their stay in power is both prosperous and long lasting (Clarke, and Foweraker). Such corrupt practices hamper the democratic order. Majoritarianism aims to again highlight the problem of the selected few (a minority) who have the means and power via self liberation through capitalism and con centration of media, to not only influence the political process but subsequently rule the majority while falsely proclaiming to be the voice of the majority (What Is a Liberal Democracy? 1/1). Another argument that highlights how liberalism undermines democracy is one of equal participation and the attainment of economic, social and cultural equality to go with the granted political equality (Carter and Stokes 8-12). Liberal democrats argue that as everyone has a right to vote thus the political system is democratic in essence, however the argument is that unless economic, social and cultural equality is also granted to marginalized groups such as feminists and gay right liberalists, democratization cannot be achieved in essence (Carter and Stokes 8-12). First wave feminists although did get a right to vote (West 1/1), it still did not ensure equality as the men who dominated society formed policies promoting self interests leaving them worse off. It was not until the second and third waves of feminism that women got more rights but still not equal to those enjoyed by men (West 1/1). Similarly gay right activists, Afro-Americans/blacks and ethnic minority liberalists argue that although they do have a say in the political sphere, they still have to bear several inequalities in terms of social, cultural and economic rights (Carter and Stokes 8-12). They also argue that the fact that women or blacks are given jobs it doesnt mean they are equal in all spheres (Carter and Stokes 8-12). The influential class not only is able to implement policies which benefit themselves but also ensure that these groups of people remain subservient to them (Carter and Stokes 8-12). The advent of Neoliberalism, however, has been the defining moment in this complex relationship between liberalism and democracy. Neoliberalism has managed to affect democracy in more explicit terms as it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦neoliberalism has strengthened the sustainability of democracy in Latin America but limited its quality. (Weyland 1/1). Implying that globalization has led to the forced maintenance of democratic order while also increasing social inequality (Weyland 1/1). Neoliberals, the advocates of a market driven mechanism with no scope for government intervention, aim to maximize the role of private sector in the formation of all economic and political policies (McChesney 1/1). The shift of focus from the society to the individual has led to several extreme policy changes regarding privatization of public institutions, redistribution of wealth through taxation, and provision of welfare facilities including basic necessities such as health, education, food, clothing and shelter ( McChesney 1/1). Neoliberalism has become the dominating political ideology in recent times. Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan gave neo-liberalism a big boost in the 1980s. (Neoliberalism 1/1). The parties that follow neoliberal ideology and the policies implemented tend to have a clear bias in favor of a wealthy few and many multi/trans-national corporations (McChesney 1/1). Everything that seems to be in contradiction with the operations of the free market mechanism is subsequently suppressed by using even unfair means or undemocratic practices (McChesney 1/1). Business forces face little or no opposition and the primary objective of the state is not welfare and equality and rather profit making and economic growth even at the cost of increased disparity (McChesney 1/1). Democracy is only seen acceptable as long as it is in line with the objectives of the business class (McChesney 1/1). Any anti-democratic measures that promote business environment are considered to be acceptable and democratic t o a great extent (McChesney 1/1). Neoliberalism leads to complete alienation of the non business class from the political process (McChesney 1/1) as it can be seen in Pakistani politics where the political system is one that is either hereditary or elitist. The consequences of such an ideology range from low voter turnout to wide spread depression as while some are playing in billions, the others are even deprived of food for survival due to the nonexistence of public institutions that would otherwise aim to address the issue of social welfare which can and will never be addressed by corporations driven by profit motive (McChesney 1/1). Neoliberal democracy, with its notion of the market uber alles [sic], takes dead aim at this sector. Instead of citizens, it produces consumers. Instead of communities, it produces shopping malls. The net result is an atomized society of disengaged individuals who feel demoralized and socially powerless. (McChesney 1/1). According to Ha-Joon Chang (2004), a professor at the University of Cambridge, global neo-liberalism threatens democracy by granting global investors and corporations veto power over domestic policy choices that they oppose. He also argues that neoliberal policies have granted excessive power to monetary bodies such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund over domestic policies of recipient countries (Manurung 1/1). The influential capitalists, with their monopoly over property, media and political institutions amongst others, use coercive measures to suppress this opposition, a practice completely against the norms of democracy (McChesney 1/1). Those in favor of Neoliberalism, however argue that the idea of free market mechanism has provided people with choice and freedom (McChesney 1/1). They argue that it is a merit based system that promotes competition and provides equal opportunity to everyone who is good enough. Projects such as micro financing have emancipated women economically, who have been deprived otherwise (Mayoux 1/1). They argue that feminists have long fought for economic rights which have in turn been granted by Neoliberalism; the only condition is that one has to be good enough to attain (Mayoux 1/1). Liberalism, democracy and Neoliberalism have shared a strange relation since the time they have started to interact. Although liberalism and democracy do tend to complement each other as long as there is no misuse of power, Neoliberalism, has contributed mostly to the de-democratization while also contributing to democracy in the sense of increased participation. It mostly undermines the basic characteristics that define democracies and also goes on to contradict itself at times with regards to the liberation of every individual. The use of coercion to suppress opposition, that arises due to the increasing inequalities resulting from the market driven approach of Neoliberalism has done nothing but deprived the states of democratic order. Anti democratic policies of promoting self centered agendas through misuse of authority i.e. exercising economic and political influence via media and bureaucratic structures etc to stay in power have led both, liberalism to an extent and Neoliberali sm to almost completely, undermining democracy.

Organizations And Behavior Essay

Introduction Management is an important activity in the performance of an organization.   Management involves integrated activities which together ensue that there is effective planning, control, and organization of recourses to lead the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. This means that managers need to have a wide range of information pertaining to different  Ã‚   departments in the organization. In this paper we are going to discus different management perspectives through accomplishment of different tasks.   The paper will look into organization structure can culture, motivation of employees, working with others in teams and groups, and organization leadership and management. Task 1 Comparing organization structure and culture of McDonalds and King George Pizza in Canada The fast food is one of the most competitive industries in the world.   The fast food industry has been recording higher rates of growth in North America including U.S and Canada than any other part of the world. MacDonald is a major player in the North American fast food industry while King George Pizza is one of small fast food establishment in British Columbia. Although the two companies operate in the same industry, there are a lot of similarity and differences in the organization structure and culture. This is based on the difference that comes as result of difference in their operation. McDonald organization structure is based on the size of its operation  Ã‚   which means that the structure has to adapt to the franchise nature of its operation (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). On the other hand, King Georges Pizza is a local restaurant operating just one branch in British Columbia. The culture between the two organization is also similar and at the same time with some differences. One of the key successes of MacDonald in the fast food industry has been its strong customer oriented culture. McDonald has adopted a market oriented culture which ensures that the company understands its consumers very well.   On the other hand, King George Pizza has also adopted a market oriented culture but its marketing activities have not been well targeted to the consumers like those of McDonalds. Due to its larger size of operation, MacDonald has adopted a bureaucratic structure that allows for standardization of its operations. The company has adopted tall structure in order to provide for standardization of operations and decision making process. On the hand, King George Pizza has adopted a pre-bureaucratic structure which lacks standardization with management strategies meant to meet the operational needs of the small establishment. The success of McDonalds has been cemented on it culture and organization structure. Since it was established, the company has taken consumer oriented hospitality culture that keeps customers coming for more.   McDonald is one of the companies which use a huge part of their revenues on customer service and advertisement in order to create good relationship with its customers. Apart from the customer oriented culture, the leadership of the company is democratic and ensures inclusion of employees in the decision making process.   The company takes its employees as the most important capital asset  Ã‚   for its growth.   Therefore McDonald employees are well motivated.   The structure of the organization has ensured standardized operations in all its establishments. Although there is management control from the head office, the franchises are given freedom in decision making process to make decisions which fits their operation (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). On the other hand, the King George Pizza has adopted an organization culture and structure that fits its operation. Like MacDonald, the company has a strong consumer oriented culture and although it does not have a customer service department, the employees have been well trained on customer service.   This has ensured the continued flow of customer to the small establishment in a competitive fast food market. At the same time, the company has adopted the right structure for its small operations. This structure ensures that there is strong control of the operation of the establishment by the management. Task 2 – Approaches to Management and Leadership Management approaches and how they can be implemented Management is one of the most important factions in the organization. Management involves playing key roles of planning and organizing the resources for the organization to lead it to achieve the set goals. Research has documented a correlation between the effectiveness of the management and the overall performance of the organization. There are different approaches to management depending on the kind of organization that one is dealing with (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92).  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most common approaches to management is the project management.   This approach ahs been used for decades although it has been undergoing several changes in the recent past. Under this approach, the management takes the organization as a project that has specific goals and objectives to achieve. Therefore the guiding principle in the management is the requirements of the project and the fulfillment of the mission needs of the organization. This approach therefore assumes that the organization runs in cycles like a project and in each cycle, there are specific objectives that have to be leading the achievement of the overall goal.   However, this approach is  Ã‚   more focused on the technical mission or the technical aspects of the projection and various plans of action  Ã‚   and milestones to be achieved are the guiding pillars for the organization. Under this approach, the management takes into consideration activities like team building, budgeting, tracking the tasks as assigned to different individuals in the organization, reviewing individual performance, and many others. The success of the project or the organization is based on the way it meets its deliverables on the stipulated time and the set budget. This means that this approach is a bit rigid and set to details. To implement this approach, the management has to understand the goals and objectives of the organization and then formulate the necessary plan that will lead the organization to achieve the set goals and objectives. Another common management approach is the Balanced score card approach. This is a strategic planning and management system which is widely used in business, government, non-profit organization, and in other organizations with an aim of aligning the acclivities of the business with the vision and the overall growth strategy.   This approach is also aimed at improving the internal and external communications and toe monitor the progress in the performance of the organization in light of the set goals. This management approach is also focused on the drivers for the future growth and performance of the organization.   To achieve this, the management prioritizes the projects or initiatives which are likely to assist the organization to achieve these goals.   In order to implement this approach, the management has to view organization from four different perspectives including the learning and growth perspective, the business process perspective, the customer perspective, and financial perspective (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). Operational change As the U.S economy recede, most companies have been forced to undergo operations changes which are meant to reduce the cost of operation to align with the changing economic condition. The U.S Automotive industry which is on its knees due to threats of bankruptcy has seen a number of players in the industry under various operational changes in order to reduce the cost of operation. With the large burden of meeting the high labor cost, General Motors is one of the companies which as restructured its operation in a number of ways in order to cut its cost. Although the changes have emanated from the economical factors which may be beyond the control of the company, it has result to massive layoff and closing down of its plants in order to reduce the cost of operation. However, this has not gone well with UAW which is the trade union representing automotive workers in the US. The issues for confrontation has been the agreement that were made earlier between the company and the worker and even in the current financial crisis, the UAW has refused to let the deal go. Apparently the company could have retained some of the labor force and lowered the rate of pay per hour. At this time we can say the company is in a crisis. Managing change during a crisis is one of the most difficult tasks for any organization. At the time of crisis the organization needs to have a strong leadership style that does not compromise on the need to bring the organization back to its feet. Therefore authoritative leadership should be used to manage the current restructuring taking place in Ford General Motors. Authoritative leadership would minimize the number of time the management ha s to engage with the employees and the unions since the union has failed to recognize the current financial situation of the company. Task 3 – Motivational Theories In the 20th century management, the organizational assets were the most important capital for an organization. However, this has drastically changed in the 21st century and employees have become the most important capital for any organization. A well motivated workforce  Ã‚   can help an organization to have a competitive edge in the market which other organizations may find difficult to replicate.  Ã‚   One of the most important factors in human resource management is to ensure the overall satisfaction of the employees.  Ã‚   The main duty of human resource management is to ensure that employees are represented in the management and their affairs are taken care of. Motivation of the employees is one of the human resource practices that have been shown to increase employee satisfaction and therefore low rate of employee turnover and higher retention. Different organizations have taken different approaches to employee motivation (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   Research has documented that  Ã‚   despite the varied methods of employees motivation, monetary incentives remains the most effective.   Employee motivation can be described using behavioral and social approach. According to the behavioral approach, the management needs to have a clear understanding of the employees including the incentives and rewards that are used to motivate employees in the company.   In this case the managers have a duty of identifying the specific behavior that need to be reinforced in employees. These may include outstanding performance of the employee, punctuality, neatness, accuracy in completion of tasks and others. Any employee who shows improvements in these behaviors need to be rewarded to reinforce the development of those positive behaviors. On the other hand, social approaches include the integration of the cognitive and the behavioral aspects.   This theory view motivation as a factor produced by two forces including the expectation of the individual to succeed at work and the need to gain vicarious experience. Once the management recognizes the individual expectations, then they should provide the approach environment that will help the individual employee to achieve these. According the Maslow hierarchy of needs, we have different needs in our life that has to be fulfilled. The Maslow hierarchy therefore assumes that there are those basic needs that have to be met for the employees to the motivated.   The Maslow hierarchy of needs can be used to categorize how employees have different needs that have to be met for them to be motivated (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   .   The Maslow hierarchy theory starts with the basic needs up to social need. At the bottom there is physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self actualization a the top This means that it is important to recognize the specific needs of the employee that has to be met first according their hierarchy of needs. According to this theory, there are some basic needs that have to be met and in our life, we struggle to meet these needs. This means that our quest in life is to climb up the Maslow hierarchy to meet these needs.   Therefore if such needs are not satisfied, then individual motivation will arise from to satisfy them.   In line with fulfillment of these needs, a business therefore needs to offer different incentives to the workers in order to fulfill the different need as they progress up the ladder. Another theory of motivation is the two factor theory of Hertzberg.   Also known as hygiene theory,  Ã‚   it emphasizes more on the factors in the working environment which causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction.   The following table lists the top six factors which cause dissatisfaction and the top six factors causing satisfaction. Factors leading to dissatisfaction Leading to satisfaction Company policy Achievement Supervision Recognition Relationship with the boss Work itself Work conditions Responsibility Salary Advancement Relationship with peers Growth Like Maslow, Hertzberg reasoned that there are different individual needs which can be satisfied by money while there are others which cannot be satisfied by money. He argued that physiological needs or basic needs should be satisfied first while the other physiological needs should be satisfied later (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   . The implications of Hertzberg theory assert that the management should not only meet the hygiene factor to avoid the dissatisfaction of employees but they must also provide other factors which intrinsic to work in order to have satisfied employees. For example IBM, which is one of the most prosperous ICT companies in the world, has taken various strategies including flexible working schedules, pay per performance, and others in order to motivate their employees. The company takes an order from a client and allocates it to the worker who then works closely with the client to ensure that they meet all the technological challenges given by the client. Task 4 – Working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics Difference between teams and groups In many instances, we tend to use the work group and team interchangeably. However there are many differences between a tem and a group in the real application of the two.   In management we usually stress the importance of team building and not group building. This is because the strength of a team depends on the common purpose and the connectivity of the individual members. On the other hand, the strength of a group come the volume or the willingness to carry out the command given by the leader. In real application, it is very easy to form a group rather than a team. A group can be formed   by individuals of different   types and background but eventually it will be very difficult to achieve the commonality between the group members.   It is very difficult to build consensus in a group for a leader that it is in a team.   Unlike a group which is simple to form, a team is quite difficult to form.    The members of a team are not selected on the ground of commonality but on the ground of compatibility in different  Ã‚   complementary skills. For example a business team can be made up of an accountant, a salesman, secretary, and others.   Every member plays a different role but which are integrated to achieve a common goal. Unlike in a group, there is no room for conflicts in a team. The role of teams in a small and a big organization differs in some aspects although all the teams have the same role of achieving a set goal. However, teams in a small organization may be easier to form and evaluate and their process of work may be simpler due to the size of their operation. On the other hand, teams in a larger organization may take time to form since all members have to be consulted. Their process of work may be a bit difficult since they have a large operation to cover. Application of Tuckman and Jensen team development model Tuckman and Jensen present us with four stages which define group development.   Although the process can be subconscious, the four stages present the process which all groups go through in their formation. The first stage is the forming stage in which the individual behavior is defined by the desire to be accepted by other members of the team (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61).   At this stage, serious issues, feelings, controversy, or conflict are usually avoided.   The individuals get more focused on adapting to their roles and gather information about others. The next stage is storming stage in which the group remains good to the other only when important issues are addressed.   There are minor confrontations which are dealt with or are ignored. These conflicts are related to work or relationship in the group.   The next stage is the norming stage in which the rules of engagement for the group member are established. At this stage, members understands the other well and the experience the efforts and experience of the other. However, individuals at this stage are resistance to change especially from outside for fear of group break up (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61). The last stage is the performing stage which not many groups usually reach this stage.   This stage is characterized by interdependence and flexibility and every group member understand their role and trust each other. The group identity, loyalty and the performance are high as members become task oriented. How communication methods can affect team performance in a large multi national organization. Communication is one of the most important factors for optimum performance of an organization.   The communication process helps the organizations to pass important operation details from one department to the other. The communication structure in an organization is also very important since determines the flow of information from the management to the employees.   The  Ã‚   communication structure in an organization should ensure the smooth flow of information between the dyad in the work place. However, communication methods can affect team performance in multinational organizations. In most multinational organizations, the teams may be allocated to a certain function far away from the managements of the organization. This means that the team may be faced with the difficulty of enquiring important details regarding their duties from the management. At the same time, there is a high likelihood that the team will be made up of individuals using different languages. This means that the team will require an interpreter for it to function effectively (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61). While forming teams for multinational organizations, language barrier should be one of the most important factors to consider. Bibligraphy: Haas, R.W. & Wotruba, T.R 2003, Management: Concepts, Practice and Cases, Texas: Business Publications, Inc McGrath, J. E., & Tschan, F 2004, Temporal matters in social psychology: Examining the role of time in the lives of groups and individuals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Weightman, J 2008, The Employee Motivation Audit, Cambridge Strategy Publications